public __construct() (defined in Model_Auth_User_Token)

Return Values

• void

public function __construct($id = NULL)
{
	parent::__construct($id);

	if (mt_rand(1, 100) === 1)
	{
		// Do garbage collection
		$this->delete_expired();
	}

	if ($this->expires < time() AND $this->_loaded)
	{
		// This object has expired
		$this->delete();
	}
}

public create([ Validation $validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Model_Auth_User_Token)

Parameters

• Validation $validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function create(Validation $validation = NULL)
{
	$this->token = $this->create_token();

	return parent::create($validation);
}

public delete_expired() (defined in Model_Auth_User_Token)

Return Values

• ORM

public function delete_expired()
{
	// Delete all expired tokens
	DB::delete($this->_table_name)
		->where('expires', '<', time())
		->execute($this->_db);

	return $this;
}

public __get(string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Return Values

• mixed

public function __get($column)
{
	return $this->get($column);
}

public __isset(string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Return Values

• boolean

public function __isset($column)
{
	return (isset($this->_object[$column]) OR
		isset($this->_related[$column]) OR
		isset($this->_has_one[$column]) OR
		isset($this->_belongs_to[$column]) OR
		isset($this->_has_many[$column]));
}

public __set(string $column , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• void

public function __set($column, $value)
{
	$this->set($column, $value);
}

public __toString() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function __toString()
{
	return (string) $this->pk();
}

public __unset(string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Return Values

• void

public function __unset($column)
{
	unset($this->_object[$column], $this->_changed[$column], $this->_related[$column]);
}

public add(string <span class="param" title="Alias of the has_many "through" relationship">$alias</span> , mixed $far_keys ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Add the login role using a model instance
$model->add('roles', ORM::factory('role', array('name' => 'login')));
// Add the login role if you know the roles.id is 5
$model->add('roles', 5);
// Add multiple roles (for example, from checkboxes on a form)
$model->add('roles', array(1, 2, 3, 4));

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys required - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• ORM

public function add($alias, $far_keys)
{
	$far_keys = ($far_keys instanceof ORM) ? $far_keys->pk() : $far_keys;

	$columns = [$this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], $this->_has_many[$alias]['far_key']];
	$foreign_key = $this->pk();

	$query = DB::insert($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'], $columns);

	foreach ( (array) $far_keys as $key)
	{
		$query->values([$foreign_key, $key]);
	}

	$query->execute($this->_db);

	return $this;
}

public and_having(mixed $column , string $op [, mixed $value = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value = NULL - Column value

Return Values

• ORM

public function and_having($column, $op, $value = NULL)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'and_having',
		'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public and_having_close() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function and_having_close()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'and_having_close',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public and_having_open() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function and_having_open()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'and_having_open',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public and_where(mixed $column , string $op , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• ORM

public function and_where($column, $op, $value)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'and_where',
		'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public and_where_close() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function and_where_close()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'and_where_close',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public and_where_open() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function and_where_open()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'and_where_open',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public as_array() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function as_array($show_all=FALSE)
{
	$object = [];

	if ($show_all OR !is_array($this->_private_columns))
	{
		foreach ($this->_object as $column => $value)
		{
			// Call __get for any user processing
			$object[$column] = $this->__get($column);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		foreach ($this->_object as $column => $value)
		{
			// Call __get for any user processing
			if (!in_array($column, $this->_private_columns))
				$object[$column] = $this->__get($column);
		}
	}

	foreach ($this->_related as $column => $model)
	{
		// Include any related objects that are already loaded
		$object[$column] = $model->as_array();
	}

	return $object;
}

public as_object() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function as_object($show_all=FALSE)
{
	$object = new stdClass;

	if ($show_all OR !is_array($this->_private_columns))
	{
		foreach ($this->_object as $column => $value)
		{
			$object->{$column} = $this->get_typed($column);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		foreach ($this->_object as $column => $value)
		{
			if (!in_array($column, $this->_private_columns))
			{
				$object->{$column} = $this->get_typed($column);
			}
		}
	}

	foreach ($this->_related as $column => $model)
	{
		// Include any related objects that are already loaded
		$object->{$column} = $model->as_object();
	}
   
	return $object;
}

public behaviors() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function behaviors()
{
	return [];
}

public belongs_to() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function belongs_to()
{
	return $this->_belongs_to;
}

public cached([ integer $lifetime = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $lifetime = NULL - Number of seconds to cache

Tags

• Uses - Kohana::$cache_life

Return Values

• ORM

public function cached($lifetime = NULL)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'cached',
		'args' => [$lifetime],
	];

	return $this;
}

public changed([ string $field = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $field = NULL - Field to check for changes

Return Values

• bool - Whether or not the field has changed

public function changed($field = NULL)
{
	return ($field === NULL)
		? $this->_changed
		: Arr::get($this->_changed, $field);
}

public check([ Validation $extra_validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $extra_validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Throws - ORM_Validation_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function check(Validation $extra_validation = NULL)
{
	// Determine if any external validation failed
	$extra_errors = ($extra_validation AND ! $extra_validation->check());

	// Always build a new validation object
	$this->_validation();

	$array = $this->_validation;

	if (($this->_valid = $array->check()) === FALSE OR $extra_errors)
	{
		$exception = new ORM_Validation_Exception($this->errors_filename(), $array);

		if ($extra_errors)
		{
			// Merge any possible errors from the external object
			$exception->add_object('_external', $extra_validation);
		}
		throw $exception;
	}

	return $this;
}

public clear() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function clear()
{
	// Create an array with all the columns set to NULL
	$values = array_combine(array_keys($this->_table_columns), array_fill(0, count($this->_table_columns), NULL));

	// Replace the object and reset the object status
	$this->_object = $this->_changed = $this->_related = $this->_original_values = [];

	// Replace the current object with an empty one
	$this->_load_values($values);

	// Reset primary key
	$this->_primary_key_value = NULL;
	
	// Reset the loaded state
	$this->_loaded = FALSE;

	$this->reset();

	return $this;
}

public count_all() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• integer

public function count_all()
{
	$selects = [];

	foreach ($this->_db_pending as $key => $method)
	{
		if ($method['name'] == 'select')
		{
			// Ignore any selected columns for now
			$selects[$key] = $method;
			unset($this->_db_pending[$key]);
		}
	}

	if ( ! empty($this->_load_with))
	{
		foreach ($this->_load_with as $alias)
		{
			// Bind relationship
			$this->with($alias);
		}
	}

	$this->_build(Database::SELECT);

	$records = $this->_db_builder->from([$this->_table_name, $this->_object_name])
		->select([DB::expr('COUNT('.$this->_db->quote_column($this->_object_name.'.'.$this->_primary_key).')'), 'records_found'])
		->execute($this->_db)
		->get('records_found');

	// Add back in selected columns
	$this->_db_pending += $selects;

	$this->reset();

	// Return the total number of records in a table
	return (int) $records;
}

public count_relations(string <span class="param" title="Alias of the has_many "through" relationship">$alias</span> [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Counts the number of times the login role is attached to $model
$model->count_relations('roles', ORM::factory('role', array('name' => 'login')));
// Counts the number of times role 5 is attached to $model
$model->count_relations('roles', 5);
// Counts the number of times any of roles 1, 2, 3, or 4 are attached to
// $model
$model->count_relations('roles', array(1, 2, 3, 4));
// Counts the number roles attached to $model
$model->count_relations('roles')

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• integer

public function count_relations($alias, $far_keys = NULL)
{
	if ($far_keys === NULL)
	{
		return (int) DB::select([DB::expr('COUNT(*)'), 'records_found'])
			->from($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'])
			->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], '=', $this->pk())
			->execute($this->_db)->get('records_found');
	}

	$far_keys = ($far_keys instanceof ORM) ? $far_keys->pk() : $far_keys;

	// We need an array to simplify the logic
	$far_keys = (array) $far_keys;

	// Nothing to check if the model isn't loaded or we don't have any far_keys
	if ( ! $far_keys OR ! $this->_loaded)
		return 0;

	$count = (int) DB::select([DB::expr('COUNT(*)'), 'records_found'])
		->from($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'])
		->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], '=', $this->pk())
		->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['far_key'], 'IN', $far_keys)
		->execute($this->_db)->get('records_found');

	// Rows found need to match the rows searched
	return (int) $count;
}

public created_column() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function created_column()
{
	return $this->_created_column;
}

public delete() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -
• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function delete()
{
	if ( ! $this->_loaded)
		throw new Kohana_Exception('Cannot delete :model model because it is not loaded.', [':model' => $this->_object_name]);

	// Use primary key value
	$id = $this->pk();

	// Delete the object
	DB::delete($this->_table_name)
		->where($this->_primary_key, '=', $id)
		->execute($this->_db);

	return $this->clear();
}

public distinct(boolean $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• boolean $value required - Enable or disable distinct columns

Return Values

• ORM

public function distinct($value)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'distinct',
		'args' => [$value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public errors_filename() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function errors_filename()
{
	return $this->_errors_filename;
}

public static factory(string $model [, mixed $id = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $model required - Model name
• mixed $id = NULL - Parameter for find()

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public static function factory($model, $id = NULL)
{
	// Set class name
	$model = 'Model_'.$model;

	return new $model($id);
}

public filters() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function filters()
{
	return [];
}

public find() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -
• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function find()
{
	if ($this->_loaded)
		throw new Kohana_Exception('Method find() cannot be called on loaded objects');

	if ( ! empty($this->_load_with))
	{
		foreach ($this->_load_with as $alias)
		{
			// Bind auto relationships
			$this->with($alias);
		}
	}

	$this->_build(Database::SELECT);

	return $this->_load_result(FALSE);
}

public find_all() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• Database_Result

public function find_all()
{
	if ($this->_loaded)
		throw new Kohana_Exception('Method find_all() cannot be called on loaded objects');

	if ( ! empty($this->_load_with))
	{
		foreach ($this->_load_with as $alias)
		{
			// Bind auto relationships
			$this->with($alias);
		}
	}

	$this->_build(Database::SELECT);

	return $this->_load_result(TRUE);
}

public from(mixed $tables ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $tables required - Table name or array($table, $alias) or object

Return Values

• ORM

public function from(...$tables)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'from',
		'args' => $tables,
	];

	return $this;
}

public get(string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• mixed

public function get($column)
{
	if (array_key_exists($column, $this->_object))
	{
		return (in_array($column, $this->_serialize_columns))
			? $this->_unserialize_value($this->_object[$column])
			: $this->_object[$column];
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_related[$column]))
	{
		// Return related model that has already been fetched
		return $this->_related[$column];
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_belongs_to[$column]))
	{
		$model = $this->_related($column);

		// Use this model's column and foreign model's primary key
		$col = $model->_object_name.'.'.$model->_primary_key;
		$val = $this->_object[$this->_belongs_to[$column]['foreign_key']];

		// Make sure we don't run WHERE "AUTO_INCREMENT column" = NULL queries. This would
		// return the last inserted record instead of an empty result.
		// See: http://mysql.localhost.net.ar/doc/refman/5.1/en/server-session-variables.html#sysvar_sql_auto_is_null
		if ($val !== NULL)
		{
			$model->where($col, '=', $val)->find();
		}

		return $this->_related[$column] = $model;
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_has_one[$column]))
	{
		$model = $this->_related($column);

		// Use this model's primary key value and foreign model's column
		$col = $model->_object_name.'.'.$this->_has_one[$column]['foreign_key'];
		$val = $this->pk();

		$model->where($col, '=', $val)->find();

		return $this->_related[$column] = $model;
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_has_many[$column]))
	{
		$model = ORM::factory($this->_has_many[$column]['model']);

		if (isset($this->_has_many[$column]['through']))
		{
			// Grab has_many "through" relationship table
			$through = $this->_has_many[$column]['through'];

			// Join on through model's target foreign key (far_key) and target model's primary key
			$join_col1 = $through.'.'.$this->_has_many[$column]['far_key'];
			$join_col2 = $model->_object_name.'.'.$model->_primary_key;

			$model->join($through)->on($join_col1, '=', $join_col2);

			// Through table's source foreign key (foreign_key) should be this model's primary key
			$col = $through.'.'.$this->_has_many[$column]['foreign_key'];
			$val = $this->pk();
		}
		else
		{
			// Simple has_many relationship, search where target model's foreign key is this model's primary key
			$col = $model->_object_name.'.'.$this->_has_many[$column]['foreign_key'];
			$val = $this->pk();
		}

		return $model->where($col, '=', $val);
	}
	else
	{
		throw new Kohana_Exception('The :property property does not exist in the :class class',
			[':property' => $column, ':class' => get_class($this)]);
	}
}

public group_by(mixed $columns ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $columns required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object

Return Values

• ORM

public function group_by(...$columns)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'group_by',
		'args' => $columns,
	];

	return $this;
}

public has(string <span class="param" title="Alias of the has_many "through" relationship">$alias</span> [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Check if $model has the login role
$model->has('roles', ORM::factory('role', array('name' => 'login')));
// Check for the login role if you know the roles.id is 5
$model->has('roles', 5);
// Check for all of the following roles
$model->has('roles', array(1, 2, 3, 4));
// Check if $model has any roles
$model->has('roles')

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• boolean

public function has($alias, $far_keys = NULL)
{
	$count = $this->count_relations($alias, $far_keys);

	if ($far_keys === NULL)
	{
		return (bool) $count;
	}
	else
	{
		if (is_array($far_keys) OR $far_keys instanceof Countable)
		{
			$keys = count($far_keys);
		}
		else
		{
			$keys = 1;
		}

		return $keys === $count;
	}
}

public has_any(string <span class="param" title="Alias of the has_many "through" relationship">$alias</span> [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Check if $model has the login role
$model->has('roles', ORM::factory('role', array('name' => 'login')));
// Check for the login role if you know the roles.id is 5
$model->has('roles', 5);
// Check for any of the following roles
$model->has('roles', array(1, 2, 3, 4));
// Check if $model has any roles
$model->has('roles')

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• boolean

public function has_any($alias, $far_keys = NULL)
{
	return (bool) $this->count_relations($alias, $far_keys);
}

public has_many() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function has_many()
{
	return $this->_has_many;
}

public has_one() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function has_one()
{
	return $this->_has_one;
}

public having(mixed $column , string $op [, mixed $value = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value = NULL - Column value

Return Values

• ORM

public function having($column, $op, $value = NULL)
{
	return $this->and_having($column, $op, $value);
}

public having_close() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function having_close()
{
	return $this->and_having_close();
}

public having_open() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function having_open()
{
	return $this->and_having_open();
}

public join(mixed $table [, string $type = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $table required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $type = NULL - Join type (LEFT, RIGHT, INNER, etc)

Return Values

• ORM

public function join($table, $type = NULL)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'join',
		'args' => [$table, $type],
	];

	return $this;
}

public labels() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function labels()
{
	return [];
}

public last_query() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function last_query()
{
	return $this->_db->last_query;
}

public limit(integer $number ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $number required - Maximum results to return

Return Values

• ORM

public function limit($number)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'limit',
		'args' => [$number],
	];

	return $this;
}

public list_columns() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function list_columns()
{
	// Proxy to database
	return $this->_db->list_columns($this->_table_name);
}

public load_with() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function load_with()
{
	return $this->_load_with;
}

public loaded() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• bool

public function loaded()
{
	return $this->_loaded;
}

public object() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• object

public function object()
{
	return $this->_object;
}

public object_name() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function object_name()
{
	return $this->_object_name;
}

public object_plural() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• object

public function object_plural()
{
	return $this->_object_plural;
}

public offset(integer $number ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $number required - Starting result number

Return Values

• ORM

public function offset($number)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'offset',
		'args' => [$number],
	];

	return $this;
}

public on(mixed $c1 , string $op , mixed $c2 ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $c1 required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $c2 required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object

Return Values

• ORM

public function on($c1, $op, $c2)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'on',
		'args' => [$c1, $op, $c2],
	];

	return $this;
}

public or_having(mixed $column , string $op [, mixed $value = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value = NULL - Column value

Return Values

• ORM

public function or_having($column, $op, $value = NULL)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'or_having',
		'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public or_having_close() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function or_having_close()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'or_having_close',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public or_having_open() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function or_having_open()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'or_having_open',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public or_where(mixed $column , string $op , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• ORM

public function or_where($column, $op, $value)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'or_where',
		'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public or_where_close() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function or_where_close()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'or_where_close',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public or_where_open() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function or_where_open()
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'or_where_open',
		'args' => [],
	];

	return $this;
}

public order_by(mixed $column [, string $direction = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $direction = NULL - Direction of sorting

Return Values

• ORM

public function order_by($column, $direction = NULL)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'order_by',
		'args' => [$column, $direction],
	];

	return $this;
}

public original_values() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function original_values()
{
	return $this->_original_values;
}

public param(string $param , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $param required - Parameter key to replace
• mixed $value required - Value to use

Return Values

• ORM

public function param($param, $value)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'param',
		'args' => [$param, $value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public pk() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• mixed - Primary key

public function pk()
{
	return $this->_primary_key_value;
}

public primary_key() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function primary_key()
{
	return $this->_primary_key;
}

public static quote_table(string $orm_model ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $orm_model required - Model name

Return Values

• string - Quoted table name

public static function quote_table($orm_model)
{
	return Database::instance()->quote_table(strtolower($orm_model));
}

public reload() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function reload()
{
	$primary_key = $this->pk();

	// Replace the object and reset the object status
	$this->_object = $this->_changed = $this->_related = $this->_original_values = [];

	// Only reload the object if we have one to reload
	if ($this->_loaded)
		return $this->clear()
			->where($this->_object_name.'.'.$this->_primary_key, '=', $primary_key)
			->find();
	else
		return $this->clear();
}

public reload_columns([ boolean $force = bool FALSE ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• boolean $force = bool FALSE - Force reloading

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function reload_columns($force = FALSE)
{
	if ($force === TRUE OR empty($this->_table_columns))
	{
		if (isset(ORM::$_column_cache[$this->_object_name]))
		{
			// Use cached column information
			$this->_table_columns = ORM::$_column_cache[$this->_object_name];
		}
		else
		{
			// Grab column information from database
			$this->_table_columns = $this->list_columns();

			// Load column cache
			ORM::$_column_cache[$this->_object_name] = $this->_table_columns;
		}
	}

	return $this;
}

public remove(string <span class="param" title="Alias of the has_many "through" relationship">$alias</span> [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Remove a role using a model instance
$model->remove('roles', ORM::factory('role', array('name' => 'login')));
// Remove the role knowing the primary key
$model->remove('roles', 5);
// Remove multiple roles (for example, from checkboxes on a form)
$model->remove('roles', array(1, 2, 3, 4));
// Remove all related roles
$model->remove('roles');

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• ORM

public function remove($alias, $far_keys = NULL)
{
	$far_keys = ($far_keys instanceof ORM) ? $far_keys->pk() : $far_keys;

	$query = DB::delete($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'])
		->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], '=', $this->pk());

	if ($far_keys !== NULL)
	{
		// Remove all the relationships in the array
		$query->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['far_key'], 'IN', (array) $far_keys);
	}

	$query->execute($this->_db);

	return $this;
}

public reset([ bool $next = bool TRUE ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• bool $next = bool TRUE - Pass FALSE to avoid resetting on the next call

Return Values

• ORM

public function reset($next = TRUE)
{
	if ($next AND $this->_db_reset)
	{
		$this->_db_pending   = [];
		$this->_db_applied   = [];
		$this->_db_builder   = NULL;
		$this->_with_applied = [];
	}

	// Reset on the next call?
	$this->_db_reset = $next;

	return $this;
}

public rules() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function rules()
{
	return [];
}

public save([ Validation $validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function save(Validation $validation = NULL)
{
	return $this->loaded() ? $this->update($validation) : $this->create($validation);
}

public saved() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• bool

public function saved()
{
	return $this->_saved;
}

public select(mixed $columns ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $columns required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object

Return Values

• ORM

public function select(...$columns)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'select',
		'args' => $columns,
	];

	return $this;
}

public serialize() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function serialize()
{
	// Store only information about the object
	foreach (['_primary_key_value', '_object', '_changed', '_loaded', '_saved', '_sorting', '_original_values'] as $var)
	{
		$data[$var] = $this->{$var};
	}

	return serialize($data);
}

public set(string $column , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name
• mixed $value required - Column value

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function set($column, $value)
{
	if ( ! isset($this->_object_name))
	{
		// Object not yet constructed, so we're loading data from a database call cast
		$this->_cast_data[$column] = $value;
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	if (in_array($column, $this->_serialize_columns))
	{
		$value = $this->_serialize_value($value);
	}

	if (array_key_exists($column, $this->_object))
	{
		// Filter the data
		$value = $this->run_filter($column, $value);

		// See if the data really changed
		if ($value !== $this->_object[$column])
		{
			$this->_object[$column] = $value;

			// Data has changed
			$this->_changed[$column] = $column;

			// Object is no longer saved or valid
			$this->_saved = $this->_valid = FALSE;
		}
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_belongs_to[$column]))
	{
		// Update related object itself
		$this->_related[$column] = $value;

		// Update the foreign key of this model
		$this->_object[$this->_belongs_to[$column]['foreign_key']] = ($value instanceof ORM)
			? $value->pk()
			: NULL;

		$this->_changed[$column] = $this->_belongs_to[$column]['foreign_key'];
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_has_many[$column]))
	{
		if (Arr::get($this->_has_many[$column], 'update', FALSE))
		{
			$model = $this->_has_many[$column]['model'];
			$pk = ORM::factory($model)->primary_key();
		 
			$current_ids = $this->get($column)->find_all()->as_array(NULL, 'id');

			$new_ids = array_diff($value, $current_ids);
			if (count($new_ids) > 0)
			{
				$objects = ORM::factory($model)->where($pk, 'IN', $new_ids)->find_all();
				foreach ($objects as $object)
				{
					$this->add($column, $object);
				}
			}

			$delete_ids = array_diff($current_ids, $value);
			if (count($delete_ids) > 0)
			{
				$objects = ORM::factory($model)->where($pk, 'IN', $delete_ids)->find_all();
				foreach ($objects as $object)
				{
					$this->remove($column, $object);
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{
			throw new Kohana_Exception('The :property: property is a to many relation in the :class: class',
				[':property:' => $column, ':class:' => get_class($this)]);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		throw new Kohana_Exception('The :property: property does not exist in the :class: class',
			[':property:' => $column, ':class:' => get_class($this)]);
	}

	return $this;
}

public table_column_type(string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - $column

Return Values

• string

public function table_column_type($column)
{
	if ( ! array_key_exists($column, $this->_table_columns))
		return FALSE;
	
	return $this->_table_columns[$column]['type'];
}

public table_columns() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function table_columns()
{
	return $this->_table_columns;
}

public table_name() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function table_name()
{
	return $this->_table_name;
}

public unique(string $field , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $field required - The field to check for uniqueness
• mixed $value required - The value to check for uniqueness

Return Values

• bool - Whteher the value is unique

public function unique($field, $value)
{
	$model = ORM::factory($this->object_name())
		->where($field, '=', $value)
		->find();

	if ($this->loaded())
	{
		return ( ! ($model->loaded() AND $model->pk() != $this->pk()));
	}

	return ( ! $model->loaded());
}

public unserialize(string $data ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $data required - String for unserialization

Return Values

• void

public function unserialize($data)
{
	// Initialize model
	$this->_initialize();

	foreach (unserialize($data) as $name => $var)
	{
		$this->{$name} = $var;
	}

	if ($this->_reload_on_wakeup === TRUE)
	{
		// Reload the object
		$this->reload();
	}
}

public update([ Validation $validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Chainable -
• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function update(Validation $validation = NULL)
{
	if ( ! $this->_loaded)
		throw new Kohana_Exception('Cannot update :model model because it is not loaded.', [':model' => $this->_object_name]);

   	// Invoke all behaviors
	foreach ($this->_behaviors as $behavior)
	{
		$behavior->on_update($this);
	}

	// Run validation if the model isn't valid or we have additional validation rules.
	if ( ! $this->_valid OR $validation)
	{
		$this->check($validation);
	}

	if (empty($this->_changed))
	{
		// Nothing to update
		return $this;
	}

	$data = [];
	foreach ($this->_changed as $column)
	{
		// Compile changed data
		$data[$column] = $this->_object[$column];
	}

	if (is_array($this->_updated_column))
	{
		// Fill the updated column
		$column = $this->_updated_column['column'];
		$format = $this->_updated_column['format'];

		$data[$column] = $this->_object[$column] = ($format === TRUE) ? time() : date($format);
	}

	// Use primary key value
	$id = $this->pk();

	// Update a single record
	DB::update($this->_table_name)
		->set($data)
		->where($this->_primary_key, '=', $id)
		->execute($this->_db);

	if (isset($data[$this->_primary_key]))
	{
		// Primary key was changed, reflect it
		$this->_primary_key_value = $data[$this->_primary_key];
	}

	// Object has been saved
	$this->_saved = TRUE;

	// All changes have been saved
	$this->_changed = [];
	$this->_original_values = $this->_object;

	return $this;
}

public updated_column() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function updated_column()
{
	return $this->_updated_column;
}

public using(mixed $columns ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $columns required - Column names

Return Values

• ORM

public function using(...$columns)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'using',
		'args' => $columns,
	];

	return $this;
}

public validation() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• Validation

public function validation()
{
	if ( ! isset($this->_validation))
	{
		// Initialize the validation object
		$this->_validation();
	}

	return $this->_validation;
}

public values(array $values [, array $expected = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• array $values required - Array of column => val
• array $expected = NULL - Array of keys to take from $values

Return Values

• ORM

public function values(array $values, array $expected = NULL)
{
	// Default to expecting everything except the primary key
	if ($expected === NULL)
	{
		$expected = array_keys($this->_table_columns);

		// Don't set the primary key by default
		unset($values[$this->_primary_key]);
	}

	foreach ($expected as $key => $column)
	{
		if (is_string($key))
		{
			// isset() fails when the value is NULL (we want it to pass)
			if ( ! array_key_exists($key, $values))
				continue;

			// Try to set values to a related model
			$this->{$key}->values($values[$key], $column);
		}
		else
		{
			// isset() fails when the value is NULL (we want it to pass)
			if ( ! array_key_exists($column, $values))
				continue;

			// Update the column, respects __set()
			$this->$column = $values[$column];
		}
	}

	return $this;
}

public where(mixed $column , string $op , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or array($column, $alias) or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• ORM

public function where($column, $op, $value)
{
	// Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
	$this->_db_pending[] = [
		'name' => 'where',
		'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
	];

	return $this;
}

public where_close() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function where_close()
{
	return $this->and_where_close();
}

public where_open() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• ORM

public function where_open()
{
	return $this->and_where_open();
}

public with(string $target_path ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $target_path required - Target model to bind to

Return Values

• ORM

public function with($target_path)
{
	if (isset($this->_with_applied[$target_path]))
	{
		// Don't join anything already joined
		return $this;
	}

	// Split object parts
	$aliases = explode(':', $target_path);
	$target = $this;
	foreach ($aliases as $alias)
	{
		// Go down the line of objects to find the given target
		$parent = $target;
		$target = $parent->_related($alias);

		if ( ! $target)
		{
			// Can't find related object
			return $this;
		}
	}

	// Target alias is at the end
	$target_alias = $alias;

	// Pop-off top alias to get the parent path (user:photo:tag becomes user:photo - the parent table prefix)
	array_pop($aliases);
	$parent_path = implode(':', $aliases);

	if (empty($parent_path))
	{
		// Use this table name itself for the parent path
		$parent_path = $this->_object_name;
	}
	else
	{
		if ( ! isset($this->_with_applied[$parent_path]))
		{
			// If the parent path hasn't been joined yet, do it first (otherwise LEFT JOINs fail)
			$this->with($parent_path);
		}
	}

	// Add to with_applied to prevent duplicate joins
	$this->_with_applied[$target_path] = TRUE;

	// Use the keys of the empty object to determine the columns
	foreach (array_keys($target->_object) as $column)
	{
		$name = $target_path.'.'.$column;
		$alias = $target_path.':'.$column;

		// Add the prefix so that load_result can determine the relationship
		$this->select([$name, $alias]);
	}

	if (isset($parent->_belongs_to[$target_alias]))
	{
		// Parent belongs_to target, use target's primary key and parent's foreign key
		$join_col1 = $target_path.'.'.$target->_primary_key;
		$join_col2 = $parent_path.'.'.$parent->_belongs_to[$target_alias]['foreign_key'];
	}
	else
	{
		// Parent has_one target, use parent's primary key as target's foreign key
		$join_col1 = $parent_path.'.'.$parent->_primary_key;
		$join_col2 = $target_path.'.'.$parent->_has_one[$target_alias]['foreign_key'];
	}

	// Join the related object into the result
	$this->join([$target->_table_name, $target_path], 'LEFT')->on($join_col1, '=', $join_col2);

	return $this;
}

protected create_token() (defined in Model_Auth_User_Token)

protected function create_token()
{
	do
	{
		$token = sha1(uniqid(Text::random('alnum', 32), TRUE));
	}
	while (ORM::factory('User_Token', ['token' => $token])->loaded());

	return $token;
}

protected _build(integer $type ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $type required - Type of Database query

Return Values

• ORM

protected function _build($type)
{
	// Construct new builder object based on query type
	switch ($type)
	{
		case Database::SELECT:
			$this->_db_builder = DB::select();
		break;
		case Database::UPDATE:
			$this->_db_builder = DB::update([$this->_table_name, $this->_object_name]);
		break;
		case Database::DELETE:
			// Cannot use an alias for DELETE queries
			$this->_db_builder = DB::delete($this->_table_name);
	}

	// Process pending database method calls
	foreach ($this->_db_pending as $method)
	{
		$name = $method['name'];
		$args = $method['args'];

		$this->_db_applied[$name] = $name;

		call_user_func_array([$this->_db_builder, $name], $args);
	}

	return $this;
}

protected _build_select() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array - Columns to select

protected function _build_select()
{
	$columns = [];

	foreach ($this->_table_columns as $column => $_)
	{
		$columns[] = [$this->_object_name.'.'.$column, $column];
	}

	return $columns;
}

protected _initialize() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• void

protected function _initialize()
{
	// Set the object name if none predefined
	if (empty($this->_object_name))
	{
		$this->_object_name = strtolower(substr(get_class($this), 6));
	}
	
	// Check if this model has already been initialized
	if ( ! $init = Arr::get(ORM::$_init_cache, $this->_object_name, FALSE))
	{
		$init = [
			'_belongs_to' => [],
			'_has_one'    => [],
			'_has_many'   => [],
		];
		
		// Set the object plural name if none predefined
		if ( ! isset($this->_object_plural))
		{
			$init['_object_plural'] = Inflector::plural($this->_object_name);
		}

		if ( ! $this->_errors_filename)
		{
			$init['_errors_filename'] = $this->_object_name;
		}

		if ( ! is_object($this->_db))
		{
			// Get database instance
			$init['_db'] = Database::instance($this->_db_group);
		}

		if (empty($this->_table_name))
		{
			// Table name is the same as the object name
			$init['_table_name'] = $this->_object_name;

			if ($this->_table_names_plural === TRUE)
			{
				// Make the table name plural
				$init['_table_name'] = Arr::get($init, '_object_plural', $this->_object_plural);
			}
		}
		
		$defaults = [];

		foreach ($this->_belongs_to as $alias => $details)
		{
			if ( ! isset($details['model']))
			{
				$defaults['model'] = str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $alias)));
			}
			
			$defaults['foreign_key'] = $alias.$this->_foreign_key_suffix;

			$init['_belongs_to'][$alias] = array_merge($defaults, $details);
		}

		foreach ($this->_has_one as $alias => $details)
		{
			if ( ! isset($details['model']))
			{
				$defaults['model'] = str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $alias)));
			}
			
			$defaults['foreign_key'] = $this->_object_name.$this->_foreign_key_suffix;

			$init['_has_one'][$alias] = array_merge($defaults, $details);
		}

		foreach ($this->_has_many as $alias => $details)
		{
			if ( ! isset($details['model']))
			{
				$defaults['model'] = str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', Inflector::singular($alias))));
			}
			
			$defaults['foreign_key'] = $this->_object_name.$this->_foreign_key_suffix;
			$defaults['through'] = NULL;
			
			if ( ! isset($details['far_key']))
			{
				$defaults['far_key'] = Inflector::singular($alias).$this->_foreign_key_suffix;
			}
			
			$init['_has_many'][$alias] = array_merge($defaults, $details);
		}
		
		ORM::$_init_cache[$this->_object_name] = $init;
	}
	
	// Assign initialized properties to the current object
	foreach ($init as $property => $value)
	{
		$this->{$property} = $value;
	}
	
	// Load column information
	$this->reload_columns();

	// Clear initial model state
	$this->clear();
   
	// Create the behaviors classes
	foreach ($this->behaviors() as $behavior => $behavior_config)
	{
		$this->_behaviors[] = ORM_Behavior::factory($behavior, $behavior_config);
	}
}

protected _load_result([ bool $multiple = bool FALSE ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• bool $multiple = bool FALSE - Return an iterator or load a single row

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM|Database_Result

protected function _load_result($multiple = FALSE)
{
	$this->_db_builder->from([$this->_table_name, $this->_object_name]);

	if ($multiple === FALSE)
	{
		// Only fetch 1 record
		$this->_db_builder->limit(1);
	}

	// Select all columns by default
	$this->_db_builder->select_array($this->_build_select());

	if ( ! isset($this->_db_applied['order_by']) AND ! empty($this->_sorting))
	{
		foreach ($this->_sorting as $column => $direction)
		{
			if (strpos($column, '.') === FALSE)
			{
				// Sorting column for use in JOINs
				$column = $this->_object_name.'.'.$column;
			}

			$this->_db_builder->order_by($column, $direction);
		}
	}

	if ($multiple === TRUE)
	{
		// Return database iterator casting to this object type
		$result = $this->_db_builder->as_object(get_class($this))->execute($this->_db);

		$this->reset();

		return $result;
	}
	else
	{
		// Load the result as an associative array
		$result = $this->_db_builder->as_assoc()->execute($this->_db);

		$this->reset();

		if ($result->count() === 1)
		{
			// Load object values
			$this->_load_values($result->current());
		}
		else
		{
			// Clear the object, nothing was found
			$this->clear();
		}

		return $this;
	}
}

protected _load_values(array $values ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• array $values required - Values to load

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

protected function _load_values(array $values)
{
	if (array_key_exists($this->_primary_key, $values))
	{
		if ($values[$this->_primary_key] !== NULL)
		{
			// Flag as loaded and valid
			$this->_loaded = $this->_valid = TRUE;

			// Store primary key
			$this->_primary_key_value = $values[$this->_primary_key];
		}
		else
		{
			// Not loaded or valid
			$this->_loaded = $this->_valid = FALSE;
		}
	}

	// Related objects
	$related = [];

	foreach ($values as $column => $value)
	{
		if (strpos($column, ':') === FALSE)
		{
			// Load the value to this model
			$this->_object[$column] = $value;
		}
		else
		{
			// Column belongs to a related model
			list ($prefix, $column) = explode(':', $column, 2);

			$related[$prefix][$column] = $value;
		}
	}

	if ( ! empty($related))
	{
		foreach ($related as $object => $values)
		{
			// Load the related objects with the values in the result
			$this->_related($object)->_load_values($values);
		}
	}

	if ($this->_loaded)
	{
		// Store the object in its original state
		$this->_original_values = $this->_object;
	}

	return $this;
}

protected _related(string $alias ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias name

Return Values

• ORM

protected function _related($alias)
{
	if (isset($this->_related[$alias]))
	{
		return $this->_related[$alias];
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_has_one[$alias]))
	{
		return $this->_related[$alias] = ORM::factory($this->_has_one[$alias]['model']);
	}
	elseif (isset($this->_belongs_to[$alias]))
	{
		return $this->_related[$alias] = ORM::factory($this->_belongs_to[$alias]['model']);
	}
	else
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
}

protected _serialize_value(mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $value required - $value

Return Values

• string

protected function _serialize_value($value)
{
	return json_encode($value);
}

protected _unserialize_value(string $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $value required - $value

Return Values

• array

protected function _unserialize_value($value)
{
	return json_decode($value, TRUE);
}

protected _validation() (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• void

protected function _validation()
{
	// Build the validation object with its rules
	$this->_validation = Validation::factory($this->_object)
		->bind(':model', $this)
		->bind(':original_values', $this->_original_values)
		->bind(':changed', $this->_changed);

	foreach ($this->rules() as $field => $rules)
	{
		$this->_validation->rules($field, $rules);
	}

	// Use column names by default for labels
	$columns = array_keys($this->_table_columns);

	// Merge user-defined labels
	$labels = array_merge(array_combine($columns, $columns), $this->labels());

	foreach ($labels as $field => $label)
	{
		$this->_validation->label($field, $label);
	}
}

protected get_typed(string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - $column

Return Values

• mixed

protected function get_typed($column)
{
	$value = $this->get($column);
	
	if ($value === NULL)
		return NULL;

	// Call __get for any user processing
	switch($this->table_column_type($column))
	{
		case 'float':  return floatval($this->__get($column));
		case 'int':    return intval($this->__get($column));
		case 'string': return strval($this->__get($column));
	}
	
	return $value;
}

protected run_filter(string $field , string $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $field required - The column name
• string $value required - The value to filter

Return Values

• string

protected function run_filter($field, $value)
{
	$filters = $this->filters();

	// Get the filters for this column
	$wildcards = empty($filters[TRUE]) ? [] : $filters[TRUE];

	// Merge in the wildcards
	$filters = empty($filters[$field]) ? $wildcards : array_merge($wildcards, $filters[$field]);

	// Bind the field name and model so they can be used in the filter method
	$_bound = [
		':field' => $field,
		':model' => $this,
	];

	foreach ($filters as $array)
	{
		// Value needs to be bound inside the loop so we are always using the
		// version that was modified by the filters that already ran
		$_bound[':value'] = $value;

		// Filters are defined as array($filter, $params)
		$filter = $array[0];
		$params = Arr::get($array, 1, [':value']);

		foreach ($params as $key => $param)
		{
			if (is_string($param) AND array_key_exists($param, $_bound))
			{
				// Replace with bound value
				$params[$key] = $_bound[$param];
			}
		}

		if (is_array($filter) OR ! is_string($filter))
		{
			// This is either a callback as an array or a lambda
			$value = call_user_func_array($filter, $params);
		}
		elseif (strpos($filter, '::') === FALSE)
		{
			// Use a function call
			$function = new ReflectionFunction($filter);

			// Call $function($this[$field], $param, ...) with Reflection
			$value = $function->invokeArgs($params);
		}
		else
		{
			// Split the class and method of the rule
			list($class, $method) = explode('::', $filter, 2);

			// Use a static method call
			$method = new ReflectionMethod($class, $method);

			// Call $Class::$method($this[$field], $param, ...) with Reflection
			$value = $method->invokeArgs(NULL, $params);
		}
	}

	return $value;
}